threat level: human

man investment-scam-red-flags

Investment and Crypto Scams

The warning signs of a fake opportunity, and why you can never withdraw the 'profit'.

$8.6B investment-fraud losses in 2025, the top crime type (FBI IC3, 2025).

By the numbers

  • $8.6B investment-fraud losses in 2025, the top crime type (FBI IC3, 2025)
  • +32% year-over-year jump in investment-fraud losses (FBI IC3, 2025)
  • $7.2B crypto-investment fraud losses in 2025 (FBI IC3, 2025)

Signs the opportunity is a trap

  • Guaranteed or outsized returns. Promises of high, steady, risk-free gains. Real markets do not work that way.
  • Urgency and exclusivity. A closing window, an insider tip, or a spot reserved just for you.
  • A slick app you were sent to. A platform reached through a contact or an ad, showing profits you cannot withdraw.

The withdrawal trap

  • Fees to release your funds. Taxes, commissions, or 'verification' deposits demanded before any payout.
  • A coach who pushes you to add more. Encouragement to invest more, borrow, or tap retirement to 'maximize' the gains.

Who is really behind it

  • Unlicensed sellers and fake firms. No registration with your regulator, or a clone of a real company's name.
  • Manufactured social proof. Profit screenshots, celebrity 'endorsements', and group-chat hype.
  • Pressure from a 'mentor' or group. A coach or chat that keeps pushing you to deposit more, faster.

Do and don't

Do

  • Check the firm and the seller against your national regulator before you pay.
  • Test a withdrawal of a small amount early, before depositing more.
  • Assume any guaranteed or risk-free return is a lie.
  • Get independent advice from a licensed professional you found yourself.

Don't

  • Do not invest through an app you reached from an ad, a DM, or a new contact.
  • Do not add money to 'unlock', 'verify', or 'release' a withdrawal.
  • Do not borrow, or tap retirement, to chase a position.
  • Do not trust profit screens you cannot actually cash out.

The one move

Check any platform or adviser against your national regulator before sending a cent, and treat anyone who guarantees returns or rushes you as a scammer. If you cannot freely withdraw a small amount, the rest is already gone.

If it happens

  1. Stop depositing. A blocked withdrawal means the scheme already has your money.
  2. Document everything: the platform, the wallets, and every transaction.
  3. Contact your bank or exchange to attempt a recall or a freeze.
  4. Report to ic3.gov, the FTC, and your securities regulator (SEC or CFTC in the US).

Go deeper

For the bigger picture, read what is social engineering and how to spot a phishing email. See these warning signs in real cases in the weekly briefings.

Frequently asked questions

// guides/investment-scam-red-flags --help
What are the red flags of investment and crypto scams?

Watch for guaranteed or outsized returns, urgency and exclusivity, a slick app you were sent to, fees to release your funds, plus any pressure to act fast, skip a check, or keep it secret.

What is the one move that stops it?

Check any platform or adviser against your national regulator before sending a cent, and treat anyone who guarantees returns or rushes you as a scammer. If you cannot freely withdraw a small amount, the rest is already gone.

What should I do if it already happened?

Stop depositing. A blocked withdrawal means the scheme already has your money. Document everything: the platform, the wallets, and every transaction. Contact your bank or exchange to attempt a recall or a freeze. Report to ic3.gov, the FTC, and your securities regulator (SEC or CFTC in the US).